The main goals of this study are to examine the behavior and genetic effects of road- and traffic-related features on Mediterranean mammals namely three species with different ecological requirements (water vole Arvicola sapidus, pine vole Microtus duodecimcostatus and Mus spretus), at individual and population levels. More specifically, we want to evaluate the behavioral response of species to roads by analyzing the movement patterns and home range shape and size and analyze the barrier effect by examining the gene flow and genetic structure of the populations in high and low traffic volume roads.